Dry laser printers achieve liquid-free printing through five core stages:
1. Charging stage: The surface of the photosensitive drum (OPC drum) is covered with a negative charge (-600V to -1000V);
2. Exposure stage: A laser (20 micron resolution/1200 dpi) neutralizes the charge, forming an electrostatic latent image;
3. Developing stage: Positively charged dry toner (5-15 micron particle size) adheres to the latent image area;
4. Transfer stage: The paper attracts the toner due to its positive charge;
5. Fusing stage: A high-temperature roller (180-200°C) melts the toner and solidifies it on the paper. This technology is environmentally friendly (no VOC emissions, 30% reduction in waste), highly efficient (printing speeds of 40-60 pages per minute, resolutions above 1200 dpi), and low-maintenance (drum lifespan approximately 20,000 pages).